Sleep Deprived Athletes The Lack Of Sleep Essay

Sleep Deprived Athletes Do you feel sluggish while playing your favorite sport? The lack of sleep can negatively impact an athlete’s performance. Athletes that are fatigued can experience negative; mental, emotional and physical conditions. These negative conditions become noticeable on the field, either during a game or throughout practice. They can impact the team in a way that wouldn’t benefit the other players. This could be a crucial way to determine if the team will win or lose that particular game. Most student-athletes do not get the proper amount of sleep at night, causing them to be sleep deprived. Student-athletes need eight or more hours of sleep to function properly in daily activities. Sleep is the most important part of a student-athlete’s life. â€Å"Getting your zzz’s may be just as important as fitting in training sessions†(â€Å"Find out Why Snoozing†). The fact that sleep is just as important as sports, or maybe even more important really tells something. In order for a person to live a healthy lifestyle, they first need to start out by getting a good night’s sleep. People that receive less than six hours of sleep are in risk of disease, as well as other medical issues. Also a lack of sleep can increase stress levels, which can drive people into depression. â€Å"Researchers have also found that newly learned information and skills are reinforced by a good night’s sleep --- meaning that children are becoming better at their soccer footwork, their piano playing, orShow MoreRelatedSleep Deprivation And Its Effects On Children Essay1511 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Sleepless in America (American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2014), the documentary which co-produced by the National Geographic Channel, almost forty percent of Americans get less than five hours of sleep per night. Sleep deprivation often results in depression-like symptoms. Thus we heard suggestions that we should have at least eight hours of sleep a night. In fact, the duration of sleep affected by multiple factors, such as human has different sleep needs at the different age, and according toRead MoreImportance Of Healthy Diet Essay1419 Words   |  6 Pages The importance of sleep, diet, and strength and conditioning. Introduction To keep the body in good health is a duty, otherwise we shall not be able to keep our mind strong and clear.† –Buddha Being a student athlete for the majority of my life, i have learned how to balance my studies and my sport. Basketball and high school are both very demanding, but when you put them both together you make for a very difficult schedule. Though the lifestyle i live is somewhat grueling, i have adapted andRead MoreEssay on Running and Over Training1428 Words   |  6 Pages Even though some experts believe that excessive running is detrimental to the human body, and others believe any amount of running is one of the key components in most athletes, Still others believe that moderation between both extremes can benefit your sport. Running may have a heavier toll on the body than any other sport, literally. With each stride, force of two to three times the bodies weight is hammered on the joint, muscles, and tendons. How much running is â€Å"too much† running? isRead More Adolescents and Sleep-Deprivation: Should High School Classes Start Later?1223 Words   |  5 Pagesboard was considering moving the start of the school day 30 minutes earlier (Hoffman 2). Jilly became a sleep activist because she knew that, biologically, adolescents go to bed and wake up later. Mary Carskadon, considered to be an expert on sleep and circadian rhythms of adolescents, claims that adolescents should receive about 9 hours of sleep a night (Onyper). Many students suffer from sleep-deprivation due to alterations in the peak times of melatonin production, a hormone directly involvedRead MoreAn Institution For Educating Children1308 Words   |  6 Pagessociety many factors can block students from achieving this goal. The first of which is the lack of well rested and energized students with the motivation to grow. Sleep becomes harder to achieve as one ages, since school and work are the causes of sleep deprivation. Therefore, teens all over the U.S. are demanding a more appropriate start time given their developmental needs. Over 66% of teens have sleep problems mostly due to school and stress. A later start time means more time to get readyRead MoreThe Era of Sleep Is Over Essay1416 Words   |  6 PagesI have found a problem that should not be over looke d. For many years students and teachers have had precious hours of sleep seized from them by schools all across the great United States of America. I am no attorney, but I do know seizure of property without a proper warrant is against the Fourth Amendment; one of the twenty seven amendments our very nation has been built upon today. I am not proposing we go to court with our school systems, but I am suggesting we can all comprise and find a fewRead MoreSleep And Gpa Comparison At Culver Stockton College Essay1913 Words   |  8 Pages Sleep and GPA Comparison Earl W. McPike Jr. October 13, 2016 INTRODUCTION: Sleep coincides with a college student because the amount of sleep one gets should determine how one functions throughout the day and most importantly how well a person does in school. The more sleep that a person gets at night should make a person more energized causing them to perform better in sports, at work and in school. If a person is going off of only a small amount of sleep, they shouldRead MoreQuestions On Health And Wellness1389 Words   |  6 Pagespossible solutions for shrinking testes. Get more sleep Most understand the importance of a good night’s rest for overall health. But if your testicles are shrinking it could be due to a lack of sleep. A study from the University of Southern Denmark found a link between quality of sleep and testicle size. Researchers conducted a cross-sectional study that included 953 young Danish men from the general population. Sleep schedule, interruptions in sleep, and sleep habits were studied. The men s testiclesRead MoreSleep Deprivation Can Alter Mental Process Essay1969 Words   |  8 Pages Sleep Deprivation Can Alter Mental Process Jake Snitofsky Jason Piccone Nova Southeastern University Abstract Sleep is one of the main components to have a fresh start in the morning. Everyone needs their good sleep so they can stay focused, interactive, and productive while at work or school. In this study, we wanted to see if sleep patterns influence the subject’s social interactions. Many college students and adults working need to have a decent amount of sleep for the next dayRead MoreCorrelation Essay1402 Words   |  6 Pagesbetween body max index (BMI) and average hours of sleep amongst the students in the class. I was interested in the relation between these two variables because I have previously researched an article on WebMd that claimed those who are sleep deprived are more prone to live unhealthy lifestyles. As college students, we typically sleep less than the average adult would due to academic and social responsibilities that can push those to neglect a healthy sleep schedule in exchange for more time to accomplish

What Is The Value Of Keeping An Accurate Inventory Free Essays

Inventory keeping plays an important role in the supply chain of many companies and organizations. Efficient inventory control and management to a large extent depends on the way and manner inventory records are kept. Good record keeping makes it easier for inventory to be kept properly, whereas bad or inaccurate record keeping unduly stalls movement of raw materials and finished goods in the supply chain. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is The Value Of Keeping An Accurate Inventory or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this paper, an attempt shall be made to highlight the value of keeping one’s inventory accurate. Helps in achieving Operational excellence The value of keeping one’s inventory records accurate has been emphasized by several research workers (Kok and Shang, 2006; Smaros, Lehtonen, Appelgyist and Holmstrom, 2003; Cachon and Fisher, 2000). Commenting on this subject, Kok and Shang (2006) for example, pointed out that inventory record inaccuracy is a major obstacle to achieving operational excellence. To these authors, for one to achieve operational excellence, every effort should be made to keep one’s inventory records consistently accurate. Helps in lowering total distribution costs According to the Chartered Institute of Marketing (CIM) (1994), total distribution cost is the summation of the costs incurred in transporting, warehousing, order processing and documentation, inventory, packaging, lost sales for failing to meet set standards of goods. The relationship between these variables and distribution can be expressed mathematically as: D= T + W + O + I + P + S where: D is total distribution cost T is transportation cost W is warehousing cost O is order processing and documentation cost I is inventory cost P is packaging cost. S is lost sales as a result of failing to meet required standards From this formula, any undertaking which lowers the cost of these variables in the supply chain would also contribute in making the total distribution cost lower and therefore more cost-effective. Keeping a company’s inventory accurate therefore helps in this direction. The reverse is what takes place when inaccurate inventory is kept. Distribution is component of the classical marketing model known as the 4Ps. Distribution can therefore be a good source of competitive advantage at the marketplace. Companies that make their distribution network more cost-effective can have a huge advantage over their competitors. Helps in building trust in the supply chain In today’s business world, it is not uncommon to find companies share their inventory records with partners, some of which could even be competitors. Some of these information exchanges take place in real time and also defies geographical boundaries. Many of these relationships and arrangements are founded on trust. As such, the value of keeping accurate record cannot be over-emphasized. This is because inaccurate presentations do not only undermine the work of the company in question but also all the significant others which used that piece of information to plan and manage their work. Helps in demand estimation For existing companies, past inventory records greatly assist in estimating future Demand for goods and services at the beginning of the financial year. From such information, the quantity of goods that should be manufactured at any given time can be estimated accurately. Helps in sourcing and procurement for cheaper raw materials. Accurate inventory records also help in sourcing for and procurement of cheaper raw materials for the company. The cost savings from such undertakings can then be passed on to the final customer in cheaper prices. On the other hand, inaccurate records hinder procurement departments in establishing present stock levels and the replenishments that must be procured. Helps in the arrangement of logistics Similarly, inventory records assist the distribution outfit of the company to arrange for transportation and other logistics to convey the manufactured goods to the final customers in the value-chain. In situations therefore, where the inventory information provided to the aforementioned departments are inaccurate, it can seriously hamper their work which can be lead to severe losses to the company. Let us consider a scenario where the company’s stocks are full at the storage depots but her significant partners are informed that stock levels are at 50 percent. A raw material supplier to this company would make arrangements for materials to be sent to this company, only to be told that the company does not need these materials until the present stocks have been cleared. Equally, the company’s outsourced logistics partner would restrict herself to transporting goods equivalent to half the capacity of the company’s warehouse to the retailing units. The transporters get to the warehouse to find that they are not adequately resourced to carry out the logistical task ahead. If they are not fortunate to find that all the available transports have been booked, clearing the warehouse of existing stocks would be a Herculean task, if not impossible to the outsourcee company. Helps in Business planning and coordination. Apart from helping to estimate demand accurately, keeping accurate inventory records also help in business planning and coordination itself. With accurate inventory records, it is easier for a company to plan its way forward. For example, if it is learnt from past inventory records that the company obtained its highest sales in the first quarter of the year and not the last quarter, it can plan to augment its sales personnel during this period. By employing several part-time and temporal workers, it can comfortably fulfill customer demands at such peak periods. Similarly, it can use the low- through periods to train its staff or allow them to take their vacations. Wilson (1995) has pointed out that susceptibility of materials planning systems to record errors reduce their effectiveness. Thus, in situations where remedial steps such as cycle counting programmes are not implemented to correct deficiencies, the performance of the company can seriously deteriorate. Helps in production scheduling The importance of keeping accurate inventory records to the producer in sourcing for raw materials has already been stressed. Another value such an undertaking brings to the producer or manufacturer is in the area of scheduling the production itself. Mass customization of goods has become the order of day in many market sectors and industries. Whereas this system de-emphasizes storage of goods, in some instances it depends on inventory records to determine whether a specific request should be manufactured or one is ready available to be sent to the customer. In that respect, accurate inventory records contribute greatly in scheduling production of goods cost-effectively. Helps in Inventory control. Accurate records help in controlling inventory itself. According to Lamb, Hair and McDaniel (2000) an inventory control system develops and maintains an adequate assortment of materials and products to meet the demands of manufacturers and the final consumer. If the input furnished the inventory is inaccurate, that deficiency can seriously affect the manufacturer and the customer alike. A typical example of this distortion is when too many goods are kept in the inventory. This development leads to increases in storage cost and in some cases losses attributable to theft and spoilage. In the same vein, when goods are under stocked, it can lead to severe shortages and also angry and unfulfilled customers. A reflection of Managerial capabilities The way and manner inventory records are kept in a company is also a reflection on inventory managerial capabilities of the management team of the company or the logistics and distribution department. If available records are full of errors and inconsistencies, it simply tells any cursory reviewer that sufficient supervisory oversight is not being administered. On the other hand, an accurately kept inventory records is indicative that the managerial staff are up to the task. Helps in warehouse management Warehouse management plays a vital role in the supply chain of some companies. They serve as an effective link between manufacturers and market intermediaries such as wholesales, middlemen, retailers, etc. Accurate keeping of inventory records constitutes an integral part of warehouse management. It is difficult to manage warehouses properly if records of inventory are not properly kept. If that occurs the warehouses could be receiving newer stock when in fact they should be rejecting on the basis of present stock levels. In like manner they could be rejecting stocks when they should be accepting them. Any of these scenarios place additional costs to the warehouse manager. In the same vein, it also makes the handling of materials difficult. Helps in the identification, sorting and labeling of goods Accurate inventory records helps in identifying, sorting and labeling goods (Lamb, Hair and McDaniel, 2000) either for storage or to the distribution and manufacturing centers. Goods that are properly identified sorted out and labeled are easier to handle than those which are not. They also save material handlers or workers valuable time and thereby increase their productivity. Helps in securing financial assistance As with every segment of a business entity, good record keeping, including that of inventory, helps greatly in securing financial assistance. For existing companies, the financing institution may review existing records to gain insight into how the company has been managed. If inventory records have been badly kept, it indirectly tells how the company has been managed. Furthermore, if management of inventory were one the criteria being used to decide whether financial assistance should be extended to the company or not, it is obvious that the company with an accurately kept inventory shall receive the assistance whereas those with improperly kept data refused the needed financial help. Inventory records themselves are also useful in the preparation of business proposals and plans for financial assistance. Helps in order processing Keeping accurate inventory records also helps in processing received orders correctly. If an order is received and the information is relayed to the manufacturing centre, whether that order gets fulfilled immediately depends on whether accurate inventory records have been kept. If the inventory records are inaccurate, the customer may be sold a good that does not match his requirements or the fulfillment of that order may be unduly delayed. Helps in Replenishment of stocks Accurate inventory makes replenishment of goods either at the warehouse or in store shelves easier to suppliers, be they manufacturers, wholesalers or retailers. Whereas, if doubts are expressed about inventory records, they make replenishment extremely difficult. The difficulty stems from the fact one is not entirely sure about the quantity of goods that should be supplied at any given period. Consequently, over- and under-replenishment becomes common. This development has cost implication to the supplier. For example, if goods are sent to their desired destination and it is found that there is no space to accommodate them because stock levels were understated, those goods would have to be transported back to the supplier. On the other hand, if inventory records were accurate, the goods supplied would be delivered with no extra cost to the supplier. Helps in lowering supply chain costs Generally, it has been established that accurate inventory records reduces order processing and supply chain costs (Cachon and Fisher, 2000). For example, if the time taken to identify inaccurate inventory records and have them rectified is 20 percent of the total time spent at customer-seller interface by the customer, that figure represents the extent of convenience and also loss of man-hours experienced by the customer and sales personnel, respectively. Helps in providing excellent customer service Accurate inventory records also help in providing excellent services to customers. It makes it easier for goods actually needed by customers to be known and supplied with. Furthermore, it enables the needs of customers to be identified and promptly catered for. It also prevents wastage of store shelves by filling them up with goods that are in great demand by customers. Conclusion From the foregoing account, it has been clearly shown that keeping a company’s inventory accurate is a valuable undertaking. Companies with inventory that adhere to set inventory practices reap several benefits, whereas those which do not incur losses. In an era where inventory building is being de-emphasized, the need for companies to keep their inventory records accurate has become even more paramount. How to cite What Is The Value Of Keeping An Accurate Inventory, Papers

Monopoly Market Structures

Question: Discuss about the Monopoly for Market Structures. Answer: Introduction: There are various types of market structures that exist in an economy. Some market structures consist of many buyers and many producers like that of perfect competition ensuring that no single buyer or seller affects prices whereas there are markets where exist only one seller and many buyers such that the seller can affect the price fixed. A market consisting of only one seller and many buyers is known as a monopoly market (Pindyck et al, 2009). A monopolist is the only producer of a product and the demand curve that the producer faces is the market demand curve which relates the price that the monopolist receives with the quantity that it offers in the market, thereby having sufficient power in changing the price or the quantity of the product. If the monopolist charges a higher price it may not worry about other competitors who might charge a lower price and can capture a large share of the market. But it must charge a specific price if it is with the objective of maximizing profits (Varian, 2010). The monopolist takes into consideration the many factors that come into the picture to maximize profits. It must determine the costs and the features of the market demand to decide how much it should produce and sell. The price that the monopolist receives per unit of the output sold is its average revenue whereas the change in revenue that occurs due to one unit change in output is the marginal revenue. The solution to the mono polists maximizing problem is the intersection point of the marginal revenue and the marginal cost, the point where it maximizes profit (Mankiw, 2007). In the figure below we see the demand curve denoted as D which is also the monopolists average revenue curve. We also have the marginal revenue curve MR and the marginal and average cost curves denoted as MC and AC respectively. At the output level of Q* the MC intersects the MR curve, i.e., here MC=MR giving the profit maximizing output of the monopolist Q* at price P*. To assure that Q* is the profit maximizing output, we shall take a point Q which is less than Q*, and set at a higher price P. As we see in the figure, in such a case the MR exceeds the MC, hence indicating that if the monopolist produces any quantity a bit greater than Q it would be able to get extra profits thereby increasing its total profit. Thus, it can keep on adding to its output increasing profits until it reaches Q* where the MC is exactly equal to the MR an d hence incremental profit by adding one more unit to the output is zero. This shows that Q is not the profit maximizing output for the monopolist and if it produces Q then it loses the part of profit shown in the red shaded area from its total profit if it would have produced Q*. similarly if we take a point Q which is greater than Q*, we see here the MC is greater than the MR indicating that if it produces a bit less than Q then it would increase its profit by the amount MC-MR, thereby it can go on decreasing output and increasing profit till it reaches Q*. The greater profit earned by producing at Q* instead of Q is shown by the shaded region in blue. Mathematically we have: There are certain advantages and disadvantages of a monopolistic market structure. Firstly the advantages of such a market structure are as follows: Monopolists can gain from economies of scale and can be natural monopolies. Domestic monopolies can earn high amounts of export revenues for the country by being foremost in their region and then penetrating into international markets. An example of this is the Microsoft. Some economists argue that monopoly power is required to create dynamic efficiencies and technological progressiveness because the generation of high profits via monopoly would boost research and development investments (Samuelson et al, 2010). Also large monopolies are more expected to bring forward innovations which results in low costs than competitive markets and monopolists being in dominant strong positions are capable to bear high risks that are associated with innovation. Monopolies also protect intellectual property through the barriers to entry preventing the free riders problem (Lipsey et al, 2011) and also enabling them to generate super-normal profits which when invested in research and development reduces costs through innovations and increases efficiencies. The disadvantages of a monopolistic market structure are as follows: Output is restricted onto the market Higher prices are charged by monopolists than that would be charged in competitive markets Economic welfare and consumer surplus is reduced Choices and preference of consumers are restricted Consumer sovereignty gets reduced (Economics Online). Hence, if we sum up the advantages and disadvantages we see that monopolistic market structures do boost research and development with high profits being reinvested to uncover ways to innovation thereby increasing efficiencies but we also see that presence of such market structures also bring forward a high deal of social costs as these entities charge much higher prices compared to the perfectly competitive markets. Monopolistic market structures hamper economic welfare by reducing consumer surpluses, restricting the choices of consumers to earn supernormal profits. References: Pindyck, R, Rubinfeld, D Mehta, P 2009, Microeconomics, Pearson, South Asia Varian, H 2010, Intermediate microeconomics, Affiliated East-West Press, New Delhi Samuelson, P Nordhaus, W 2010, Economics, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi Mankiw, G 2007, Economics: principles and applications, Cengage learning, New Delhi Lipsey, R Chrystal, A 2011, Economics, Oxford, New Delhi Sowell, T 2010, Basic economics, Basic books, USA Economics Online, Monopolies, viewed 18 August 2016, https://www.economicsonline.co.uk/Business_economics/Monopoly.html

Things They Carried Essays - The Things They Carried, Ann Richards

Things They Carried In the story ?Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong" in The Things they Carried by Tim O' Brian Mary Ann Bell goes from one end of the spectrum to the other. Mary Ann is brought in by her high school sweetheart, Mark Fossie. They are destined to be married and live out the rest of their lives together. In a matter of weeks she is transformed from a cute, blonde high school girl to a ferocious animal of the jungle. Mark Fossie first toys with the idea of bringing her over from Cleveland and then goes through with it. "Listen, the guy sends her the money. Flies her over. This cute blonde- just a kid, just barely out of high school- she shows up with a suitcase and one of those plastic cosmetic bags. Comes right out to the boonies (pg.102)." She is very young, at most seventeen years old. She is pretty and has a great personality that all the guys appreciate. She is never afraid of the unseen horrors of the war. She thirsts for knowledge about everything around her. Mary Ann wants to know about everything and her desire for knowledge leads her to the loners of the war, the green berets. She starts by just going out on ambush with them then it progresses more. "The way she quickly fell into the habits of the bush. No cosmetics, no fingernail filing, cut her hair short and wrapped it in a dark green bandana (pg.109)." She breaks it off with Mark Fossie and doesn't want to leave the bush. She does stuff even the greenies wouldn't do. She stays with them until she eventually disapears. The greenies say she's still alive but they've never really seen her again. She was one with the jungle. She was young and innocent then became a ferocious hunter of the jungle. "She was dangerous. She was ready for the kill (pg.125)."

Sample Essay About a Movie

Sample Essay About a MovieA sample essay about a movie is a nice way to introduce a topic and get students thinking. It also helps if the subject of the assignment comes from the college or university course they are taking. However, the essay you write can vary widely depending on the course or level of interest. Here are some tips for writing a good sample essay.Start by identifying what your writing is going to cover. Is it a paragraph of text or an essay? Will you use your own words or the words of the teacher? For the essay, include your title, your thesis statement, a little history of the movie, and anything else you think is important. The paragraph is the area where you'll want to add in your thesis statement. You should also include at least one bullet point at the end of each paragraph to keep it from looking rushed.Fill in the rest of the sentence with information. Keep your content short but to the point. Remember, this is a sample and you'll be allowed to add in your ow n words. These facts can provide interesting examples that help you illustrate your thesis statement.Finish the sentence with a problem statement. This will show how you will solve the problem of the film. For example, you might say, 'When people walk into a movie theater and the first thing they notice is the poster of the movie, then I believe that the movie will be successful.' You can tell the problem using your own words or other means that you may choose from.End the last sentence by referencing the introduction and the thesis statement. If you really want to take things to the next level, you can include a link to the main body of the essay. By including all of these ideas together, you create a powerful essay that you can make a point in the semester and build confidence in your writing.As you can see, a sample essay can make for a more interesting topic for a class project and a refresher for the student who is taking the essay. Start with the one you feel most comfortable with and work from there.Writing a great essay is a good idea for any college or university. A sample assignment like this is well worth the effort. Use it as inspiration to write your best essay yet.

An Overview of the Gold Rush essays

An Overview of the Gold Rush essays California has always been associated with cutting edge development and ideas. For over a century and a half it has been the leader of what the rest of the country follows. No single event has been as groundbreaking (literally and metaphorically) as the Gold Rush of 1849. This historic event single-handedly connected the East to the West in what proved to be the perfect model of expansion. It was what brought hundreds of thousands of Americans and immigrants alike to the fast-paced, ever-changing world of California. To fully understand the history of the Goldrush, one must know what was actually happening before the lure of gold overwhelmed the country. In 1844, John C. Fremont ordered the U.S. Army to lead a scientific expedition to California. During a second trip in 1846, he encouraged ranchers located in northern area to revolt. These events lead to the seizure of Sonoma and the proclamation of a republic. The flag that they raised that year was a figure of a bear. It was not yet known that the Mexican War had started and that troops had been sent to quall the battles. According to the New Standard Encyclopedia, there was little fighting in the north, and the south was taken quickly under the forces of General Stephen W. Kearny and Commodore Robert F. Stockton (C38a). In 1849, Mexico ceded California to the United States. (New Standard Encyclopedia C-38 and C38a) One of the most little understood men of the gold rush, John Augustus Sutter, had fled from Switzerland to avoid his debtors in the mid 1800s. Abandoning his family and friends he came to America in hopes of making it big and making a fortune. In July of 1839 he arrived in California and acquired a land grant from the Mexican government. He dreamed of one day owning a vast empire of agricultural lands. It was a dream that ultimately ruined him. According to a biography done on him by California State Library, he built Sutters Fort ...

American Civil War - Battle of Oak Grove

American Civil War - Battle of Oak Grove Battle of Oak Grove - Conflict Date: The Battle of Oak Grove was fought June 25, 1862, during the American Civil War (1861-1865). Armies Commanders: Union Major General George B. McClellan3 brigades Confederate General Robert E. Lee1 division Battle of Oak Grove - Background: After constructing the Army of the Potomac in the summer and fall of 1861, Major General George B. McClellan commenced planning his offensive against Richmond for the following spring.   To take the Confederate capital, he intended to sail his men down the Chesapeake Bay to the Union base at Fortress Monroe.   Concentrating there, the army would advance up the Peninsula between the York and James Rivers to Richmond.   This shift south would permit him to bypass Confederate forces in northern Virginia and would allow US Navy warships move up both rivers to protect his flanks and help supply the army.   This part of the operation was shelved in early March 1862 when the Confederate ironclad CSS Virginia struck Union naval forces at the Battle of Hampton Roads. Though the danger posed by Virginia was offset by the arrival of the ironclad USS Monitor, efforts to blockade the Confederate warship drew off Union naval strength.   Slowing marching up the Peninsula in April, McClellan was fooled by Confederate forces into laying siege to Yorktown for much of the month.   Finally continuing the advance in early May, Union forces clashed with the Confederates at Williamsburg before driving on Richmond.   As the army neared the city, McClellan was struck by General Joseph E. Johnston at Seven Pines on May 31. Though the fighting was inconclusive, it resulted in Johnston being severely wounded and command of the Confederate army ultimately passed to General Robert E. Lee. For the next few weeks, McClellan remained inactive in front of Richmond allowing Lee to improve the citys defenses and plan a counterattack. Battle of Oak Grove - Plans: Assessing the situation, Lee realized that McClellan was forced to divide his army north and south of Chickahominy River in order to protect his supply lines back to White House, VA on the Pamunkey River.   As a result, he devised an offensive that sought to defeat one wing of the Union army before the other could move to provide aid.   Shifting troops into place, Lee intended to attack on June 26.   Alerted that Major General Thomas Stonewall Jacksons command would soon reinforce Lee and that enemy offensive action was likely, McClellan sought to retain the initiative by striking west towards Old Tavern.   Taking the heights in the area would permit his siege guns to strike at Richmond.   To accomplish this mission, McClellan planned to attack along the Richmond York Railroad in the north and at Oak Grove in the south. Battle of Oak Grove - III Corps Advances: The execution of the assault at Oak Grove fell to the divisions of Brigadier Generals Joseph Hooker and Philip Kearny from Brigadier General Samuel P. Heintzelmans III Corps.   From these commands, the brigades of Brigadier Generals Daniel Sickles,  Cuvier Grover, and John C. Robinson were to leave their earthworks, pass through a small but dense wooded area, and then strike the Confederate lines held by the division of Brigadier General Benjamin Huger.   Direct command of the forces involved fell to Heintzelman as McClellan preferred to coordinate the action by telegraph from his headquarters in the rear.   At 8:30 AM, the three Union brigades commenced their advance.   While Grover and Robinsons brigades encountered few problems, Sickles men had trouble clearing the abatis in front of their lines and then were slowed by the difficult terrain at the headwaters of White Oak Swamp (Map). Battle of Oak Grove - A Stalemate Ensues:               Sickles issues led to the brigade falling out of alignment with those to the south.   Recognizing an opportunity, Huger directed Brigadier General Ambrose Wright to advance with his brigade and mount a counterattack against Grover.   Approaching the enemy, one of his Georgia regiments caused confusion among Grovers men as they wore red Zouave uniforms which were thought to only be used by some Union troops.   As Wrights men halted Grover, Sickles brigade was repulsed by Brigadier General Robert Ransoms men to the north.   With his attack stalling, Heintzelman requested reinforcements from McClellan and informed the army commander of the situation.    Unaware of the specifics of the fighting, McClellan ordered those engaged to withdraw back to their lines at 10:30 AM and departed his headquarters to inspect the battlefield personally.   Arriving around 1:00 PM, he found the situation better than anticipated and ordered Heintzelman to renew the attack.   Union troops moved forward and regained some ground but became entangled in an inconclusive fire fight that lasted until nightfall.   In the course of the battle, McClellans men only managed to advance about 600 yards. Battle of Oak Grove - Aftermath: McClellans final offensive effort against Richmond, the fighting at the Battle of Oak Grove saw Union forces suffer 68 killed, 503 wounded, and 55 missing while Huger incurred  66 killed, 362 wounded, and 13 missing.   Undeterred by the Union thrust, Lee moved forward with his planned offensive the next day.   Attacking at Beaver Dam Creek, his men were ultimately turned back.   A day later, they succeeded in dislodging Union troops at Gaines Mill.   Beginning with Oak Grove, a week of constant fighting, dubbed the Seven Days Battles, saw McClellan driven back to the James River at Malvern Hill and his campaign against Richmond defeated.       Selected Sources Civil War Trust: Seven Days BattlesCWSAC Battle Summaries: Oak GroveHistory of War: Battle of Oak Grove